4.17 WINDOW
WINDOW defines a subobject belonging to the current SURFACE that represents one or more identical windows. The azimuth, tilt, and exterior conditions of the window are the same as those of the surface to which it belongs. The total window area (wnHt \(\cdot\) wnWid \(\cdot\) wnMult) is deducted from the gross surface area. A surface may have any number of windows.
Windows may optionally have operable interior shading that reduces the overall shading coefficient when closed.
wnName
Name of window: follows the word “WINDOW” if given.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63 characters | none | No | constant |
wnHeight=float
Overall height of window (including frame).
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ft | x \(>\) 0 | none | Yes | constant |
wnWidth=float
Overall width of window (including frame).
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ft | x \(>\) 0 | none | Yes | constant |
wnArea=float
Overall area of window (including frame).
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ft2 | x \(>\) 0 | wnHeight wnWidth* | No | constant |
wnMult=float
Area multiplier; can be used to represent multiple identical windows.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x \(>\) 0 | 1 | No | constant |
wnModel=choice
Selects window model
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHGC, ASHWAT | SHGC | No | constant |
wnGt=choice
GLAZETYPE for window. Provides many defaults for window properties as cited below.
wnU=float
Window conductance (U-factor without surface films, therefore not actually a U-factor but a C-factor).
Preferred Approach: To use accurately with standard winter rated U-factor from ASHRAE or NFRC enter as:
wnU = (1/((1/U-factor)-0.85)Where 0.85 is the sum of the interior (0.68) and exterior (0.17) design air film resistances assumed for rating window U-factors. Enter wnInH (usually 1.5=1/0.68) instead of letting it default. Enter the wnExH or let it default. It is important to use this approach if the input includes gnFrad for any gain term. Using approach 2 below will result in an inappropriate internal gain split at the window.
Approach 2. Enter wnU=U-factor and let the wnInH and wnExH default. Tnormally this approach systematically underestimates the window U-factor because it adds the wnExfilm resistance to 1/U-factor thereby double counting the exterior film resistance. This approach will also yield incorrect results for gnFrad internal gain since the high wnInH will put almost all the gain back in the space.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Btuh/ft2-oF | x \(>\) 0 | none | Yes | constant |
wnUNFRC=float
Fenestration system (including frame) U-factor evaluated at NFRC heating conditions.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Btuh/ft2-oF | x \(>\) 0 | gtUNFRC | Required when wnModel = ASHWAT | constant |
wnExEpsLW=float
Window exterior long wave (thermal) emittance.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 \(\le\) x \(\le\) 1 | 0.84 | No | constant |
wnInEpsLW=float
Window interior long wave (thermal) emittance.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 \(\le\) x \(\le\) 1 | 0.84 | No | constant |
wnInH=float
Window interior surface (air film) conductance.
Preferred Approach: Enter the appropriate value for each window, normally:
wnInH = 1.5
where 1.5 = 1/0.68 the standard ASHRAE value.The large default value of 10,000 represents a near-0 resistance, for the convenience of those who wish to include the interior surface film in wnU according to approach 2 above.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Btuh/ft2-oF | x \(>\) 0 | 10000 | No | constant |
wnExH=float
Window exterior surface (air film) conductance.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Btuh/ft2-oF | x \(>\) 0 | same as owning surface | No | constant |
Several models are available for calculating inside and outside surface convective coefficients. Inside surface faces can be exposed only to zone conditions. Outside faces may be exposed either to ambient conditions or zone conditions, based on wnExCnd. Only UNIFIED and INPUT are typically used. The other models were used during CSE development for comparison. For details, see CSE Engineering Documentation.
| Model | Exposed to ambient | Exposed to zone |
|---|---|---|
| UNIFIED | default CSE model | default CSE model |
| INPUT | hc = wnExHcMult | hc = wnxxHcMult |
| AKBARI | Akbari model | n/a |
| WALTON | Walton model | n/a |
| WINKELMANN | Winkelmann model | n/a |
| MILLS | n/a | Mills model |
| ASHRAE | n/a | ASHRAE handbook values |
wnExHcModel=choice
Selects the model used for exterior surface convection when wnModel = Forward_Difference.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| choices above | UNIFIED | No | constant |
wnExHcLChar=float
Characteristic length of surface, used in derivation of forced exterior convection coefficients in some models when outside face is exposed to ambient (i.e. to wind).
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ft | x \(>\) 0 | 10 | No | constant |
wnExHcMult=float
Exterior convection coefficient adjustment factor. When wnExHcModel=INPUT, hc=wnExHcMult. For other wnExHcModel choices, the model-derived hc is multiplied by wnExHcMult.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x \(\ge\) 0 | 1 | No | subhourly |
wnInHcModel=choice
Selects the model used for the inside (zone) surface convection when wnModel = Forward_Difference.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| choices above (see wnExHcModel) | UNIFIED | No | constant |
wnInHcMult=float
Interior convection coefficient adjustment factor. When wnInHcModel=INPUT, hc=wnInHcMult. For other wnInHcModel choices, the model-derived hc is multiplied by wnInHcMult.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x \(\ge\) 0 | 1 | No | subhourly |
wnSHGC=float
Rated Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) for the window assembly.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | 0 < x < 1 | gtSHGC | No | constant |
wnFMult=float
Frame area multiplier = areaGlaze / areaAssembly
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | 0 < x < 1 | gtFMult or 1 | No | constant |
wnSMSO=float
SHGC multiplier with shades open. Overrides gtSMSO.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | 0 \(\leq\) x \(\leq\) 1 | gtSMSO or 1 | No | Monthly - Hourly |
wnSMSC=float
SHGC multiplier with shades closed. Overrides gtSMSC
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | 0 \(leq\) x \(leq\) 1 | wnSMSO or gtSMSC | No | Monthly - Hourly |
wnNGlz=int
Number of glazings in the window (bare glass only, not including any interior or exterior shades).
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 \(<\) x \(leq\) 4 | gtNGLZ | Required when wnModel = ASHWAT | constant |
wnExShd=choice
Exterior shading type (ASHWAT only).
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NONE, INSCRN | gtExShd | No | constant |
wnInShd=choice
Interior shade type (ASHWAT only).
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NONE, DRAPEMED | gtInShd | No | constant |
wnDirtLoss=float
Glazing dirt loss factor.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | 0 \(\leq\) x \(\leq\) 1 | none | No | constant |
wnGrndRefl=float
Ground reflectivity for this window.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | 0 \(\leq\) x \(\leq\) 1 | sfGrndRefl | No | Monthly - Hourly |
wnVfSkyDf=float
View factor from this window to sky for diffuse radiation. For the shading effects of an overhang, a wnVfSkyDf value smaller than the default would be used
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | 0 \(\leq\) x \(\leq\) 1 | 0.5 - 0.5 cos(tilt) = .5 for vertical surface | No | Monthly - Hourly |
wnVfGrndDf=float
View factor from this window to ground for diffuse radiation. For the shading effects of a fin(s), both wnVfSkyDf and wnVfGrndDf would be used.
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | 0 \(\leq\) x \(\leq\) 1 | 0.5 + 0.5 .5 for vertical surface | No | Monthly - Hourly |
endWINDOW
Optionally indicates the end of the window definition. Alternatively, the end of the window definition can be indicated by END or the declaration of another object. END or endWindow, if used, should follow any subobjects of the window (SHADEs and/or SGDISTs).
| Units | Legal Range | Default | Required | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | No | constant |
Related Probes: